Number of errors in copying a German passage before and after an experimental course in German
Data for Exercise 7.60
German
A data frame/tibble with ten observations on three variables
a character variable indicating student number
a character variable with values Before and After
to indicate when the student received experimental instruction in German
the number of errors in copying a German passage
Kitchens, L. J. (2003) Basic Statistics and Data Analysis. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning.
t.test(errors ~ when, data = German, paired = TRUE) wilcox.test(errors ~ when, data = German) ## Not run: T8 <- tidyr::spread(German, when, errors) %>% mutate(di = After - Before, adi = abs(di), rk = rank(adi), srk = sign(di)*rk) T8 qqnorm(T8$di) qqline(T8$di) t.test(T8$srk) ## End(Not run)
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