ape: compar.lynch – R documentation

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compar.lynch

Lynch's Comparative Method

Description

This function computes the heritable additive value and the residual deviation for continous characters, taking into account the phylogenetic relationships among species, following the comparative method described in Lynch (1991).

Usage

compar.lynch(x, G, eps = 1e-4)

Arguments

`x`	eiher a matrix, a vector, or a data.frame containing the data with species as rows and variables as columns.
`G`	a matrix that can be interpreted as an among-species correlation matrix.
`eps`	a numeric value to detect convergence of the EM algorithm.

Details

The parameter estimates are computed following the EM (expectation-maximization) algorithm. This algorithm usually leads to convergence but may lead to local optima of the likelihood function. It is recommended to run several times the function in order to detect these potential local optima. The ‘optimal’ value for eps depends actually on the range of the data and may be changed by the user in order to check the stability of the parameter estimates. Convergence occurs when the differences between two successive iterations of the EM algorithm leads to differences between both residual and additive values less than or equal to eps.

Value

A list with the following components:

`vare`	estimated residual variance-covariance matrix.
`vara`	estimated additive effect variance covariance matrix.
`u`	estimates of the phylogeny-wide means.
`A`	addtitive value estimates.
`E`	residual values estimates.
`lik`	logarithm of the likelihood for the entire set of observed taxon-specific mean.

Note

The present function does not perform the estimation of ancestral phentoypes as proposed by Lynch (1991). This will be implemented in a future version.

Author(s)

Julien Claude julien.claude@umontpellier.fr

References

Lynch, M. (1991) Methods for the analysis of comparative data in evolutionary biology. Evolution, 45, 1065–1080.

Examples

### The example in Lynch (1991)
cat("((((Homo:0.21,Pongo:0.21):0.28,",
   "Macaca:0.49):0.13,Ateles:0.62):0.38,Galago:1.00);",
   file = "ex.tre", sep = "\n")
tree.primates <- read.tree("ex.tre")
unlink("ex.tre")
X <- c(4.09434, 3.61092, 2.37024, 2.02815, -1.46968)
Y <- c(4.74493, 3.33220, 3.36730, 2.89037, 2.30259)
compar.lynch(cbind(X, Y),
             G = vcv.phylo(tree.primates, cor = TRUE))

ape

Analyses of Phylogenetics and Evolution

v5.5

GPL-2 | GPL-3

Authors

Emmanuel Paradis [aut, cre, cph] (<https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3092-2199>), Simon Blomberg [aut, cph] (<https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1062-0839>), Ben Bolker [aut, cph] (<https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2127-0443>), Joseph Brown [aut, cph] (<https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3835-8062>), Santiago Claramunt [aut, cph] (<https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8926-5974>), Julien Claude [aut, cph] (<https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9267-1228>), Hoa Sien Cuong [aut, cph], Richard Desper [aut, cph], Gilles Didier [aut, cph] (<https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0596-9112>), Benoit Durand [aut, cph], Julien Dutheil [aut, cph] (<https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7753-4121>), RJ Ewing [aut, cph], Olivier Gascuel [aut, cph], Thomas Guillerme [aut, cph] (<https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4325-1275>), Christoph Heibl [aut, cph] (<https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7655-3299>), Anthony Ives [aut, cph] (<https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9375-9523>), Bradley Jones [aut, cph] (<https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4498-1069>), Franz Krah [aut, cph] (<https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7866-7508>), Daniel Lawson [aut, cph] (<https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5311-6213>), Vincent Lefort [aut, cph], Pierre Legendre [aut, cph] (<https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3838-3305>), Jim Lemon [aut, cph], Guillaume Louvel [aut, cph] (<https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7745-0785>), Eric Marcon [aut, cph] (<https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5249-321X>), Rosemary McCloskey [aut, cph] (<https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9772-8553>), Johan Nylander [aut, cph], Rainer Opgen-Rhein [aut, cph], Andrei-Alin Popescu [aut, cph], Manuela Royer-Carenzi [aut, cph], Klaus Schliep [aut, cph] (<https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2941-0161>), Korbinian Strimmer [aut, cph] (<https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7917-2056>), Damien de Vienne [aut, cph] (<https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9532-5251>)

Initial release

2021-04-24