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fixest

predict.fixest

Predict method for fixest fits

Description

This function obtains prediction from a fitted model estimated with femlm, feols or feglm.

Usage

## S3 method for class 'fixest'
predict(
  object,
  newdata,
  type = c("response", "link"),
  se.fit = FALSE,
  interval = "none",
  level = 0.95,
  fixef = FALSE,
  vs.coef = FALSE,
  sample = c("estimation", "original"),
  vcov = NULL,
  ssc = NULL,
  ...
)

Arguments

object

A fixest object. Obtained using the functions femlm, feols or feglm.
newdata

A data.frame containing the variables used to make the prediction. If not provided, the fitted expected (or linear if type = "link") predictors are returned.
type

Character either equal to "response" (default) or "link". If type="response", then the output is at the level of the response variable, i.e. it is the expected predictor E(Y|X). If "link", then the output is at the level of the explanatory variables, i.e. the linear predictor X\cdot β.
se.fit

Logical, default is FALSE. If TRUE, the standard-error of the predicted value is computed and returned in a column named se.fit. This feature is only available for OLS models not containing fixed-effects.
interval

Either "none" (default), "confidence" or "prediction". What type of confidence interval to compute. Note that this feature is only available for OLS models not containing fixed-effects (GLM/ML models are not covered).
level

A numeric scalar in between 0.5 and 1, defaults to 0.95. Only used when the argument 'interval' is requested, it corresponds to the width of the confidence interval.
fixef

Logical scalar, default is FALSE. If TRUE, a data.frame is returned, with each column representing the fixed-effects coefficients for each observation in newdata – with as many columns as fixed-effects. Note that when there are variables with varying slopes, the slope coefficients are returned (i.e. they are not multiplied by the variable).
vs.coef

Logical scalar, default is FALSE. Only used when fixef = TRUE and when variables with varying slopes are present. If TRUE, the coefficients of the variables with varying slopes are returned instead of the coefficient multiplied by the value of the variables (default).
sample

Either "estimation" (default) or "original". This argument is only used when arg. 'newdata' is missing, and is ignored otherwise. If equal to "estimation", the vector returned matches the sample used for the estimation. If equal to "original", it matches the original data set (the observations not used for the estimation being filled with NAs).
vcov

Versatile argument to specify the VCOV. In general, it is either a character scalar equal to a VCOV type, either a formula of the form: vcov_type ~ variables. The VCOV types implemented are: "iid", "hetero" (or "HC1"), "cluster", "twoway", "NW" (or "newey_west"), "DK" (or "driscoll_kraay"), and "conley". It also accepts object from vcov_cluster, vcov_NW, NW, vcov_DK, DK, vcov_conley and conley. It also accepts covariance matrices computed externally. Finally it accepts functions to compute the covariances. See the 'vcov' documentation in the vignette.
ssc

An object of class ssc.type obtained with the function ssc. Represents how the degree of freedom correction should be done.You must use the function ssc for this argument. The arguments and defaults of the function ssc are: adj = TRUE, fixef.K="nested", cluster.adj = TRUE, cluster.df = "conventional", t.df = "conventional", fixef.force_exact=FALSE). See the help of the function ssc for details.
...

Not currently used.

Value

It returns a numeric vector of length equal to the number of observations in argument newdata. If newdata is missing, it returns a vector of the same length as the estimation sample, except if sample = "original", in which case the length of the vector will match the one of the original data set (which can, but also cannot, be the estimation sample). If fixef = TRUE, a data.frame is returned. If se.fit = TRUE or interval != "none", the object returned is a data.frame with the following columns: fit, se.fit, and, if CIs are requested, ci_low and ci_high.

Author(s)

Laurent Berge

See Also

See also the main estimation functions femlm, feols or feglm. update.fixest, summary.fixest, vcov.fixest, fixef.fixest.

Examples

# Estimation on iris data
res = fepois(Sepal.Length ~ Petal.Length | Species, iris)

# what would be the prediction if the data was all setosa?
newdata = data.frame(Petal.Length = iris$Petal.Length, Species = "setosa")
pred_setosa = predict(res, newdata = newdata)

# Let's look at it graphically
plot(c(1, 7), c(3, 11), type = "n", xlab = "Petal.Length",
     ylab = "Sepal.Length")

newdata = iris[order(iris$Petal.Length), ]
newdata$Species = "setosa"
lines(newdata$Petal.Length, predict(res, newdata))

# versicolor
newdata$Species = "versicolor"
lines(newdata$Petal.Length, predict(res, newdata), col=2)

# virginica
newdata$Species = "virginica"
lines(newdata$Petal.Length, predict(res, newdata), col=3)

# The original data
points(iris$Petal.Length, iris$Sepal.Length, col = iris$Species, pch = 18)
legend("topleft", lty = 1, col = 1:3, legend = levels(iris$Species))


#
# Getting the fixed-effect coefficients for each obs.
#

data(trade)
est_trade = fepois(Euros ~ log(dist_km) | Destination^Product +
                                           Origin^Product + Year, trade)
obs_fe = predict(est_trade, fixef = TRUE)
head(obs_fe)

# can we check we get the right sum of fixed-effects
head(cbind(rowSums(obs_fe), est_trade$sumFE))


#
# Standard-error of the prediction
#

base = setNames(iris, c("y", "x1", "x2", "x3", "species"))

est = feols(y ~ x1 + species, base)

head(predict(est, se.fit = TRUE))

# regular confidence interval
head(predict(est, interval = "conf"))

# adding the residual to the CI
head(predict(est, interval = "predi"))

# You can change the type of SE on the fly
head(predict(est, interval = "conf", vcov = ~species))
fixest

Fast Fixed-Effects Estimations

v0.10.0
GPL-3
Authors
Laurent Berge [aut, cre], Sebastian Krantz [ctb], Grant McDermott [ctb] (<https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7883-8573>)
Initial release

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