ggplot2: scale_continuous – R documentation

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scale_continuous

Position scales for continuous data (x & y)

Description

scale_x_continuous() and scale_y_continuous() are the default scales for continuous x and y aesthetics. There are three variants that set the trans argument for commonly used transformations: scale_*_log10(), scale_*_sqrt() and scale_*_reverse().

Usage

scale_x_continuous(
  name = waiver(),
  breaks = waiver(),
  minor_breaks = waiver(),
  n.breaks = NULL,
  labels = waiver(),
  limits = NULL,
  expand = waiver(),
  oob = censor,
  na.value = NA_real_,
  trans = "identity",
  guide = waiver(),
  position = "bottom",
  sec.axis = waiver()
)

scale_y_continuous(
  name = waiver(),
  breaks = waiver(),
  minor_breaks = waiver(),
  n.breaks = NULL,
  labels = waiver(),
  limits = NULL,
  expand = waiver(),
  oob = censor,
  na.value = NA_real_,
  trans = "identity",
  guide = waiver(),
  position = "left",
  sec.axis = waiver()
)

scale_x_log10(...)

scale_y_log10(...)

scale_x_reverse(...)

scale_y_reverse(...)

scale_x_sqrt(...)

scale_y_sqrt(...)

Arguments

`name`	The name of the scale. Used as the axis or legend title. If `waiver()`, the default, the name of the scale is taken from the first mapping used for that aesthetic. If `NULL`, the legend title will be omitted.
`breaks`	One of: `NULL` for no breaks `waiver()` for the default breaks computed by the transformation object A numeric vector of positions A function that takes the limits as input and returns breaks as output (e.g., a function returned by `scales::extended_breaks()`)
`minor_breaks`	One of: `NULL` for no minor breaks `waiver()` for the default breaks (one minor break between each major break) A numeric vector of positions A function that given the limits returns a vector of minor breaks.
`n.breaks`	An integer guiding the number of major breaks. The algorithm may choose a slightly different number to ensure nice break labels. Will only have an effect if `breaks = waiver()`. Use `NULL` to use the default number of breaks given by the transformation.
`labels`	One of: `NULL` for no labels `waiver()` for the default labels computed by the transformation object A character vector giving labels (must be same length as `breaks`) A function that takes the breaks as input and returns labels as output
`limits`	One of: `NULL` to use the default scale range A numeric vector of length two providing limits of the scale. Use `NA` to refer to the existing minimum or maximum A function that accepts the existing (automatic) limits and returns new limits Note that setting limits on positional scales will remove data outside of the limits. If the purpose is to zoom, use the limit argument in the coordinate system (see `coord_cartesian()`).
`expand`	For position scales, a vector of range expansion constants used to add some padding around the data to ensure that they are placed some distance away from the axes. Use the convenience function `expansion()` to generate the values for the `expand` argument. The defaults are to expand the scale by 5% on each side for continuous variables, and by 0.6 units on each side for discrete variables.
`oob`	One of: Function that handles limits outside of the scale limits (out of bounds). The default (`scales::censor()`) replaces out of bounds values with `NA`. `scales::squish()` for squishing out of bounds values into range. `scales::squish_infinite()` for squishing infinite values into range.
`na.value`	Missing values will be replaced with this value.
`trans`	For continuous scales, the name of a transformation object or the object itself. Built-in transformations include "asn", "atanh", "boxcox", "date", "exp", "hms", "identity", "log", "log10", "log1p", "log2", "logit", "modulus", "probability", "probit", "pseudo_log", "reciprocal", "reverse", "sqrt" and "time". A transformation object bundles together a transform, its inverse, and methods for generating breaks and labels. Transformation objects are defined in the scales package, and are called `<name>_trans` (e.g., `scales::boxcox_trans()`). You can create your own transformation with `scales::trans_new()`.
`guide`	A function used to create a guide or its name. See `guides()` for more information.
`position`	For position scales, The position of the axis. `left` or `right` for y axes, `top` or `bottom` for x axes.
`sec.axis`	`sec_axis()` is used to specify a secondary axis.
`...`	Other arguments passed on to `scale_(x\|y)_continuous()`

Details

For simple manipulation of labels and limits, you may wish to use labs() and lims() instead.

Examples

p1 <- ggplot(mpg, aes(displ, hwy)) +
  geom_point()
p1

# Manipulating the default position scales lets you:
#  * change the axis labels
p1 +
  scale_x_continuous("Engine displacement (L)") +
  scale_y_continuous("Highway MPG")

# You can also use the short-cut labs().
# Use NULL to suppress axis labels
p1 + labs(x = NULL, y = NULL)

#  * modify the axis limits
p1 + scale_x_continuous(limits = c(2, 6))
p1 + scale_x_continuous(limits = c(0, 10))

# you can also use the short hand functions `xlim()` and `ylim()`
p1 + xlim(2, 6)

#  * choose where the ticks appear
p1 + scale_x_continuous(breaks = c(2, 4, 6))

#  * choose your own labels
p1 + scale_x_continuous(
  breaks = c(2, 4, 6),
  label = c("two", "four", "six")
)

# Typically you'll pass a function to the `labels` argument.
# Some common formats are built into the scales package:
df <- data.frame(
  x = rnorm(10) * 100000,
  y = seq(0, 1, length.out = 10)
)
p2 <- ggplot(df, aes(x, y)) + geom_point()
p2 + scale_y_continuous(labels = scales::percent)
p2 + scale_y_continuous(labels = scales::dollar)
p2 + scale_x_continuous(labels = scales::comma)

# You can also override the default linear mapping by using a
# transformation. There are three shortcuts:
p1 + scale_y_log10()
p1 + scale_y_sqrt()
p1 + scale_y_reverse()

# Or you can supply a transformation in the `trans` argument:
p1 + scale_y_continuous(trans = scales::reciprocal_trans())

# You can also create your own. See ?scales::trans_new

ggplot2

Create Elegant Data Visualisations Using the Grammar of Graphics

v3.3.3

MIT + file LICENSE

Authors

Hadley Wickham [aut] (<https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4757-117X>), Winston Chang [aut] (<https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1576-2126>), Lionel Henry [aut], Thomas Lin Pedersen [aut, cre] (<https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5147-4711>), Kohske Takahashi [aut], Claus Wilke [aut] (<https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7470-9261>), Kara Woo [aut] (<https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5125-4188>), Hiroaki Yutani [aut] (<https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3385-7233>), Dewey Dunnington [aut] (<https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9415-4582>), RStudio [cph, fnd]

Initial release