Ireland wind data, 1961-1978
Daily average wind speeds for 1961-1978 at 12 synoptic meteorological stations in the Republic of Ireland (Haslett and raftery 1989). Wind speeds are in knots (1 knot = 0.5418 m/s), at each of the stations in the order given in Fig.4 of Haslett and Raftery (1989, see below)
data(wind)
data.frame wind contains the following columns:
year, minus 1900
month (number) of the year
day
average wind speed in knots at station RPT
average wind speed in knots at station VAL
average wind speed in knots at station ROS
average wind speed in knots at station KIL
average wind speed in knots at station SHA
average wind speed in knots at station BIR
average wind speed in knots at station DUB
average wind speed in knots at station CLA
average wind speed in knots at station MUL
average wind speed in knots at station CLO
average wind speed in knots at station BEL
average wind speed in knots at station MAL
data.frame wind.loc contains the following columns:
Station name
Station code
Latitude, in DMS, see examples below
Longitude, in DMS, see examples below
mean wind for each station, metres per second
This data set comes with the following message: “Be aware that the dataset is 532494 bytes long (thats over half a Megabyte). Please be sure you want the data before you request it.”
The data were obtained on Oct 12, 2008, from: http://www.stat.washington.edu/raftery/software.html The data are also available from statlib.
Locations of 11 of the stations (ROS, Rosslare has been thrown out because it fits poorly the spatial correlations of the other stations) were obtained from: http://www.stat.washington.edu/research/reports/2005/tr475.pdf
Roslare lat/lon was obtained from google maps, location Roslare. The mean wind value for Roslare comes from Fig. 1 in the original paper.
Haslett and Raftery proposed to use a sqrt-transform to stabilize the variance.
Adrian Raftery; imported to R by Edzer Pebesma
These data were analyzed in detail in the following article:
Haslett, J. and Raftery, A. E. (1989). Space-time Modelling with Long-memory Dependence: Assessing Ireland's Wind Power Resource (with Discussion). Applied Statistics 38, 1-50.
and in many later papers on space-time analysis, for example:
Tilmann Gneiting, Marc G. Genton, Peter Guttorp: Geostatistical Space-Time Models, Stationarity, Separability and Full symmetry. Ch. 4 in: B. Finkenstaedt, L. Held, V. Isham, Statistical Methods for Spatio-Temporal Systems.
data(wind)
summary(wind)
wind.loc
library(sp) # char2dms
wind.loc$y = as.numeric(char2dms(as.character(wind.loc[["Latitude"]])))
wind.loc$x = as.numeric(char2dms(as.character(wind.loc[["Longitude"]])))
coordinates(wind.loc) = ~x+y
## Not run:
# fig 1:
library(maps)
library(mapdata)
map("worldHires", xlim = c(-11,-5.4), ylim = c(51,55.5))
points(wind.loc, pch=16)
text(coordinates(wind.loc), pos=1, label=wind.loc$Station)
## End(Not run)
wind$time = ISOdate(wind$year+1900, wind$month, wind$day)
# time series of e.g. Dublin data:
plot(DUB~time, wind, type= 'l', ylab = "windspeed (knots)", main = "Dublin")
# fig 2:
#wind = wind[!(wind$month == 2 & wind$day == 29),]
wind$jday = as.numeric(format(wind$time, '%j'))
windsqrt = sqrt(0.5148 * as.matrix(wind[4:15]))
Jday = 1:366
windsqrt = windsqrt - mean(windsqrt)
daymeans = sapply(split(windsqrt, wind$jday), mean)
plot(daymeans ~ Jday)
lines(lowess(daymeans ~ Jday, f = 0.1))
# subtract the trend:
meanwind = lowess(daymeans ~ Jday, f = 0.1)$y[wind$jday]
velocity = apply(windsqrt, 2, function(x) { x - meanwind })
# match order of columns in wind to Code in wind.loc:
pts = coordinates(wind.loc[match(names(wind[4:15]), wind.loc$Code),])
# fig 3, but not really yet...
dists = spDists(pts, longlat=TRUE)
corv = cor(velocity)
sel = !(as.vector(dists) == 0)
plot(as.vector(corv[sel]) ~ as.vector(dists[sel]),
xlim = c(0,500), ylim = c(.4, 1), xlab = "distance (km.)",
ylab = "correlation")
# plots all points twice, ignores zero distance
# now really get fig 3:
ros = rownames(corv) == "ROS"
dists.nr = dists[!ros,!ros]
corv.nr = corv[!ros,!ros]
sel = !(as.vector(dists.nr) == 0)
plot(as.vector(corv.nr[sel]) ~ as.vector(dists.nr[sel]), pch = 3,
xlim = c(0,500), ylim = c(.4, 1), xlab = "distance (km.)",
ylab = "correlation")
# add outlier:
points(corv[ros,!ros] ~ dists[ros,!ros], pch=16, cex=.5)
xdiscr = 1:500
# add correlation model:
lines(xdiscr, .968 * exp(- .00134 * xdiscr))Please choose more modern alternatives, such as Google Chrome or Mozilla Firefox.