Breusch-Pagan Test
Performs the Breusch-Pagan test against heteroskedasticity.
bptest(formula, varformula = NULL, studentize = TRUE, data = list())
formula |
a symbolic description for the model to be tested
(or a fitted |
varformula |
a formula describing only the potential explanatory variables for the variance (no dependent variable needed). By default the same explanatory variables are taken as in the main regression model. |
studentize |
logical. If set to |
data |
an optional data frame containing the variables in the model.
By default the variables are taken from the environment which |
The Breusch-Pagan test fits a linear regression model to the residuals of a linear regression model (by default the same explanatory variables are taken as in the main regression model) and rejects if too much of the variance is explained by the additional explanatory variables.
Under H_0 the test statistic of the Breusch-Pagan test follows a
chi-squared distribution with parameter (the number of regressors without
the constant in the model) degrees of freedom.
Examples can not only be found on this page, but also on the help pages of the
data sets bondyield, currencysubstitution,
growthofmoney, moneydemand,
unemployment, wages.
A list with class "htest" containing the following components:
statistic |
the value of the test statistic. |
p.value |
the p-value of the test. |
parameter |
degrees of freedom. |
method |
a character string indicating what type of test was performed. |
data.name |
a character string giving the name(s) of the data. |
T.S. Breusch & A.R. Pagan (1979), A Simple Test for Heteroscedasticity and Random Coefficient Variation. Econometrica 47, 1287–1294
R. Koenker (1981), A Note on Studentizing a Test for Heteroscedasticity. Journal of Econometrics 17, 107–112.
W. Krämer & H. Sonnberger (1986), The Linear Regression Model under Test. Heidelberg: Physica
## generate a regressor x <- rep(c(-1,1), 50) ## generate heteroskedastic and homoskedastic disturbances err1 <- rnorm(100, sd=rep(c(1,2), 50)) err2 <- rnorm(100) ## generate a linear relationship y1 <- 1 + x + err1 y2 <- 1 + x + err2 ## perform Breusch-Pagan test bptest(y1 ~ x) bptest(y2 ~ x)
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