Studies on the Relationship between Conscientiousness and Medication Adherence
Results from 16 studies on the correlation between conscientiousness and medication adherence.
dat.molloy2014
The data frame contains the following columns:
| authors | character |
study authors |
| year | numeric |
publication year |
| ni | numeric |
sample size of the study |
| ri | numeric |
observed correlation |
| controls | character |
number of variables controlled for |
| design | character |
whether a cross-sectional or prospective design was used |
| a_measure | character |
type of adherence measure (self-report or other) |
| c_measure | character |
type of conscientiousness measure (NEO or other) |
| meanage | numeric |
mean age of the sample |
| quality | numeric |
methodological quality |
Conscientiousness, one of the big-5 personality traits, can be defined as “socially prescribed impulse control that facilitates task- and goal-directed behaviour, such as thinking before acting, delaying gratification, following norms and rules and planning, organising and prioritising tasks” (John & Srivastava, 1999). Conscientiousness has been shown to be related to a number of health-related behaviors (e.g., tobacco/alcohol/drug use, diet and activity patterns, risky behaviors). A recent meta-analysis by Molloy et al. (2014) examined to what extent conscientiousness is related to medication adherence, that is, the extent to which (typically chronically ill) patients follow a prescribed medication regimen (e.g., taking a daily dose of a cholesterol lowering drug in patients with high LDL serum cholesterol levels). The results from the 16 studies included in this meta-analysis are provided in this dataset.
Variable a_measure indicates whether adherence was measured based on self-reports or a more ‘objective’ measure (e.g., electronic monitoring of pill bottle openings, pill counts). Variable c_measure indicates whether conscientiousness was measured with some version of the NEO personality inventory or some other scale. Methodological quality was scored by the authors on a 1 to 4 scale with higher scores indicating higher quality (see article for details on how this score was derived).
Molloy, G. J., O'Carroll, R. E., & Ferguson, E. (2014). Conscientiousness and medication adherence: A meta-analysis. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 47, 92–101.
John, O. P., & Srivastava, S. (1999). The Big Five Trait taxonomy: History, measurement, and theoretical perspectives. In L. A. Pervin & O. P. John (Eds.), Handbook of personality: Theory and research (2nd ed., pp. 102-138). New York: Guilford Press.
### copy data into 'dat'
dat <- dat.molloy2014
### calculate r-to-z transformed correlations and corresponding sampling variances
dat <- escalc(measure="ZCOR", ri=ri, ni=ni, data=dat, slab=paste(authors, year, sep=", "))
dat
### meta-analysis of the transformed correlations using a random-effects model
res <- rma(yi, vi, data=dat)
res
### average correlation with 95% CI
predict(res, digits=3, transf=transf.ztor)
### forest plot
forest(res, addcred=TRUE, xlim=c(-1.6,1.6), atransf=transf.ztor,
at=transf.rtoz(c(-.4,-.2,0,.2,.4,.6)), digits=c(2,1), cex=.8,
header="Author(s), Year")
### funnel plot
funnel(res)Please choose more modern alternatives, such as Google Chrome or Mozilla Firefox.