Wooldridge's Test for Unobserved Effects in Panel Models
Semi-parametric test for the presence of (individual or time) unobserved effects in panel models.
pwtest(x, ...) ## S3 method for class 'formula' pwtest(x, data, effect = c("individual", "time"), ...) ## S3 method for class 'panelmodel' pwtest(x, effect = c("individual", "time"), ...)
x |
an object of class |
... |
further arguments passed to |
data |
a |
effect |
the effect to be tested for, one of |
This semi-parametric test checks the null hypothesis of zero correlation between errors of the same group. Therefore, it has power both against individual effects and, more generally, any kind of serial correlation.
The test relies on large-N asymptotics. It is valid under error heteroskedasticity and departures from normality.
The above is valid if effect="individual"
, which is the most
likely usage. If effect="time"
, symmetrically, the test relies on
large-T asymptotics and has power against time effects and, more
generally, against cross-sectional correlation.
If the panelmodel interface is used, the inputted model must be a pooling model.
An object of class "htest"
.
Giovanni Millo
Wooldridge JM (2002). Econometric Analysis of Cross–Section and Panel Data. MIT press.
Wooldridge JM (2010). Econometric Analysis of Cross–Section and Panel Data. MIT press.
pbltest()
, pbgtest()
,
pdwtest()
, pbsytest()
, pwartest()
,
pwfdtest()
for tests for serial correlation in panel models.
plmtest()
for tests for random effects.
data("Produc", package = "plm") ## formula interface pwtest(log(gsp) ~ log(pcap) + log(pc) + log(emp) + unemp, data = Produc) pwtest(log(gsp) ~ log(pcap) + log(pc) + log(emp) + unemp, data = Produc, effect = "time") ## panelmodel interface # first, estimate a pooling model, than compute test statistics form <- formula(log(gsp) ~ log(pcap) + log(pc) + log(emp) + unemp) pool_prodc <- plm(form, data = Produc, model = "pooling") pwtest(pool_prodc) # == effect="individual" pwtest(pool_prodc, effect="time")
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