psychTools: msq – R documentation

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msq

75 mood items from the Motivational State Questionnaire for 3896 participants

Description

Emotions may be described either as discrete emotions or in dimensional terms. The Motivational State Questionnaire (MSQ) was developed to study emotions in laboratory and field settings. The data can be well described in terms of a two dimensional solution of energy vs tiredness and tension versus calmness. Additional items include what time of day the data were collected and a few personality questionnaire scores.

Usage

data(msq)

Format

A data frame with 3896 observations on the following 92 variables.

active: a numeric vector
afraid: a numeric vector
alert: a numeric vector
angry: a numeric vector
anxious: a numeric vector
aroused: a numeric vector
ashamed: a numeric vector
astonished: a numeric vector
at.ease: a numeric vector
at.rest: a numeric vector
attentive: a numeric vector
blue: a numeric vector
bored: a numeric vector
calm: a numeric vector
cheerful: a numeric vector
clutched.up: a numeric vector
confident: a numeric vector
content: a numeric vector
delighted: a numeric vector
depressed: a numeric vector
determined: a numeric vector
distressed: a numeric vector
drowsy: a numeric vector
dull: a numeric vector
elated: a numeric vector
energetic: a numeric vector
enthusiastic: a numeric vector
excited: a numeric vector
fearful: a numeric vector
frustrated: a numeric vector
full.of.pep: a numeric vector
gloomy: a numeric vector
grouchy: a numeric vector
guilty: a numeric vector
happy: a numeric vector
hostile: a numeric vector
idle: a numeric vector
inactive: a numeric vector
inspired: a numeric vector
intense: a numeric vector
interested: a numeric vector
irritable: a numeric vector
jittery: a numeric vector
lively: a numeric vector
lonely: a numeric vector
nervous: a numeric vector
placid: a numeric vector
pleased: a numeric vector
proud: a numeric vector
quiescent: a numeric vector
quiet: a numeric vector
relaxed: a numeric vector
sad: a numeric vector
satisfied: a numeric vector
scared: a numeric vector
serene: a numeric vector
sleepy: a numeric vector
sluggish: a numeric vector
sociable: a numeric vector
sorry: a numeric vector
still: a numeric vector
strong: a numeric vector
surprised: a numeric vector
tense: a numeric vector
tired: a numeric vector
tranquil: a numeric vector
unhappy: a numeric vector
upset: a numeric vector
vigorous: a numeric vector
wakeful: a numeric vector
warmhearted: a numeric vector
wide.awake: a numeric vector
alone: a numeric vector
kindly: a numeric vector
scornful: a numeric vector
EA: Thayer's Energetic Arousal Scale
TA: Thayer's Tense Arousal Scale
PA: Positive Affect scale
NegAff: Negative Affect scale
Extraversion: Extraversion from the Eysenck Personality Inventory
Neuroticism: Neuroticism from the Eysenck Personality Inventory
Lie: Lie from the EPI
Sociability: The sociability subset of the Extraversion Scale
Impulsivity: The impulsivity subset of the Extraversions Scale
MSQ_Time: Time of day the data were collected
MSQ_Round: Rounded time of day
TOD: a numeric vector
TOD24: a numeric vector
ID: subject ID
condition: What was the experimental condition after the msq was given
scale: a factor with levels msq r original or revised msq
exper: Which study were the data collected: a factor with levels AGES BING BORN CART CITY COPE EMIT FAST Fern FILM FLAT Gray imps item knob MAPS mite pat-1 pat-2 PATS post RAFT Rim.1 Rim.2 rob-1 rob-2 ROG1 ROG2 SALT sam-1 sam-2 SAVE/PATS sett swam swam-2 TIME VALE-1 VALE-2 VIEW

Details

The Motivational States Questionnaire (MSQ) is composed of 72 items, which represent the full affective space (Revelle & Anderson, 1998). The MSQ consists of 20 items taken from the Activation-Deactivation Adjective Check List (Thayer, 1986), 18 from the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS, Watson, Clark, & Tellegen, 1988) along with the items used by Larsen and Diener (1992). The response format was a four-point scale that corresponds to Russell and Carroll's (1999) "ambiguous–likely-unipolar format" and that asks the respondents to indicate their current standing (“at this moment") with the following rating scale:
0—————-1—————-2—————-3
Not at all A little Moderately Very much

The original version of the MSQ included 70 items. Intermediate analyses (done with 1840 subjects) demonstrated a concentration of items in some sections of the two dimensional space, and a paucity of items in others. To begin correcting this, 3 items from redundantly measured sections (alone, kindly, scornful) were removed, and 5 new ones (anxious, cheerful, idle, inactive, and tranquil) were added. Thus, the correlation matrix is missing the correlations between items anxious, cheerful, idle, inactive, and tranquil with alone, kindly, and scornful.

Procedure. The data were collected over nine years, as part of a series of studies examining the effects of personality and situational factors on motivational state and subsequent cognitive performance. In each of 38 studies, prior to any manipulation of motivational state, participants signed a consent form and filled out the MSQ. (The procedures of the individual studies are irrelevant to this data set and could not affect the responses to the MSQ, since this instrument was completed before any further instructions or tasks). Some MSQ post test (after manipulations) is available in affect.

The EA and TA scales are from Thayer, the PA and NA scales are from Watson et al. (1988). Scales and items:

Energetic Arousal: active, energetic, vigorous, wakeful, wide.awake, full.of.pep, lively, -sleepy, -tired, - drowsy (ADACL)

Tense Arousal: Intense, Jittery, fearful, tense, clutched up, -quiet, -still, - placid, - calm, -at rest (ADACL)

Positive Affect: active, alert, attentive, determined, enthusiastic, excited, inspired, interested, proud, strong (PANAS)

Negative Affect: afraid, ashamed, distressed, guilty, hostile, irritable , jittery, nervous, scared, upset (PANAS)

The PA and NA scales can in turn can be thought of as having subscales: (See the PANAS-X) Fear: afraid, scared, nervous, jittery (not included frightened, shaky) Hostility: angry, hostile, irritable, (not included: scornful, disgusted, loathing guilt: ashamed, guilty, (not included: blameworthy, angry at self, disgusted with self, dissatisfied with self) sadness: alone, blue, lonely, sad, (not included: downhearted) joviality: cheerful, delighted, energetic, enthusiastic, excited, happy, lively, (not included: joyful) self-assurance: proud, strong, confident, (not included: bold, daring, fearless ) attentiveness: alert, attentive, determined (not included: concentrating)

The next set of circumplex scales were taken (I think) from Larsen and Diener (1992). High activation: active, aroused, surprised, intense, astonished Activated PA: elated, excited, enthusiastic, lively Unactivated NA : calm, serene, relaxed, at rest, content, at ease PA: happy, warmhearted, pleased, cheerful, delighted Low Activation: quiet, inactive, idle, still, tranquil Unactivated PA: dull, bored, sluggish, tired, drowsy NA: sad, blue, unhappy, gloomy, grouchy Activated NA: jittery, anxious, nervous, fearful, distressed.

Keys for these separate scales are shown in the examples.

In addition to the MSQ, there are 5 scales from the Eysenck Personality Inventory (Extraversion, Impulsivity, Sociability, Neuroticism, Lie). The Imp and Soc are subsets of the the total extraversion scale.

Source

Data collected at the Personality, Motivation, and Cognition Laboratory, Northwestern University.

References

Larsen, R. J., & Diener, E. (1992). Promises and problems with the circumplex model of emotion. In M. S. Clark (Ed.), Review of personality and social psychology, No. 13. Emotion (pp. 25-59). Thousand Oaks, CA, US: Sage Publications, Inc.

Rafaeli, Eshkol and Revelle, William (2006), A premature consensus: Are happiness and sadness truly opposite affects? Motivation and Emotion, 30, 1, 1-12.

Revelle, W. and Anderson, K.J. (1998) Personality, motivation and cognitive performance: Final report to the Army Research Institute on contract MDA 903-93-K-0008. (https://www.personality-project.org/revelle/publications/ra.ari.98.pdf).

Thayer, R.E. (1989) The biopsychology of mood and arousal. Oxford University Press. New York, NY.

Watson,D., Clark, L.A. and Tellegen, A. (1988) Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(6):1063-1070.

Examples

data(msq)
   #in in the interests of time
#basic descriptive statistics
psych::describe(msq)

#score them for 20 short scales -- note that these have item overlap
#The first 2 are from Thayer
#The next 2 are classic positive and negative affect
#The next 9 are circumplex scales
#the last 7 are msq estimates of PANASX scales (missing some items)
keys.list <- list(
EA = c("active", "energetic", "vigorous", "wakeful", "wide.awake", "full.of.pep",
       "lively", "-sleepy", "-tired", "-drowsy"),
TA =c("intense", "jittery", "fearful", "tense", "clutched.up", "-quiet", "-still", 
       "-placid", "-calm", "-at.rest") ,
PA =c("active", "excited", "strong", "inspired", "determined", "attentive", 
          "interested", "enthusiastic", "proud", "alert"),
NAf =c("jittery", "nervous", "scared", "afraid", "guilty", "ashamed", "distressed",  
         "upset", "hostile", "irritable" ),
HAct = c("active", "aroused", "surprised", "intense", "astonished"),
aPA = c("elated", "excited", "enthusiastic", "lively"),
uNA = c("calm", "serene", "relaxed", "at.rest", "content", "at.ease"),
pa = c("happy", "warmhearted", "pleased", "cheerful", "delighted" ),
LAct = c("quiet", "inactive", "idle", "still", "tranquil"),
uPA =c( "dull", "bored", "sluggish", "tired", "drowsy"),
naf = c( "sad", "blue", "unhappy", "gloomy", "grouchy"),
aNA = c("jittery", "anxious", "nervous", "fearful", "distressed"),
Fear = c("afraid" , "scared" , "nervous" , "jittery" ) ,
Hostility = c("angry" ,  "hostile", "irritable", "scornful" ), 
Guilt = c("guilty" , "ashamed" ),
Sadness = c( "sad"  , "blue" , "lonely",  "alone" ),
Joviality =c("happy","delighted", "cheerful", "excited", "enthusiastic", "lively", "energetic"), 
Self.Assurance=c( "proud","strong" , "confident" , "-fearful" ),
Attentiveness = c("alert" , "determined" , "attentive" )
#, acquiscence = c("sleepy" ,  "wakeful" ,  "relaxed","tense")   
#dropped because it has a negative alpha and throws warnings
   )
       
msq.scores <- psych::scoreItems(keys.list,msq)

#show a circumplex structure for the non-overlapping items
fcirc <- psych::fa(msq.scores$scores[,5:12],2)  
psych::fa.plot(fcirc,labels=colnames(msq.scores$scores)[5:12])

#now, find the correlations corrected for item overlap
msq.overlap <- psych::scoreOverlap(keys.list,msq)
#a warning is thrown by smc  because of some NAs in the matrix

f2 <- psych::fa(msq.overlap$cor,2)
psych::fa.plot(f2,labels=colnames(msq.overlap$cor),
      title="2 dimensions of affect, corrected for overlap")

#extend this solution to EA/TA  NA/PA space
fe  <- psych::fa.extension(cor(msq.scores$scores[,5:12],msq.scores$scores[,1:4]),fcirc)
psych::fa.diagram(fcirc,fe=fe,
          main="Extending the circumplex structure to  EA/TA and PA/NA ")

#show the 2 dimensional structure
f2 <- psych::fa(msq[1:72],2)
psych::fa.plot(f2,labels=colnames(msq)[1:72],
     title="2 dimensions of affect at the item level",cex=.5)

#sort them by polar coordinates
round(psych::polar(f2),2)

psychTools

Tools to Accompany the 'psych' Package for Psychological Research

v2.1.12

GPL (>= 2)

Authors

William Revelle [aut, cre] (<https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4880-9610>)

Initial release

2021-12-02

msq