purrr: map – R documentation

Become an expert in R — Interactive courses, Cheat Sheets, certificates and more!

map

Apply a function to each element of a list or atomic vector

Description

The map functions transform their input by applying a function to each element of a list or atomic vector and returning an object of the same length as the input.

map() always returns a list. See the modify() family for versions that return an object of the same type as the input.
map_lgl(), map_int(), map_dbl() and map_chr() return an atomic vector of the indicated type (or die trying).
map_dfr() and map_dfc() return a data frame created by row-binding and column-binding respectively. They require dplyr to be installed.
The returned values of .f must be of length one for each element of .x. If .f uses an extractor function shortcut, .default can be specified to handle values that are absent or empty. See as_mapper() for more on .default.

walk() calls .f for its side-effect and returns the input .x.

Usage

map(.x, .f, ...)

map_lgl(.x, .f, ...)

map_chr(.x, .f, ...)

map_int(.x, .f, ...)

map_dbl(.x, .f, ...)

map_raw(.x, .f, ...)

map_dfr(.x, .f, ..., .id = NULL)

map_dfc(.x, .f, ...)

walk(.x, .f, ...)

Arguments

`.x`	A list or atomic vector.
`.f`	A function, formula, or vector (not necessarily atomic). If a function, it is used as is. If a formula, e.g. `~ .x + 2`, it is converted to a function. There are three ways to refer to the arguments: For a single argument function, use `.` For a two argument function, use `.x` and `.y` For more arguments, use `..1`, `..2`, `..3` etc This syntax allows you to create very compact anonymous functions. If character vector, numeric vector, or list, it is converted to an extractor function. Character vectors index by name and numeric vectors index by position; use a list to index by position and name at different levels. If a component is not present, the value of `.default` will be returned.
`...`	Additional arguments passed on to the mapped function.
`.id`	Either a string or `NULL`. If a string, the output will contain a variable with that name, storing either the name (if `.x` is named) or the index (if `.x` is unnamed) of the input. If `NULL`, the default, no variable will be created. Only applies to `_dfr` variant.

Value

map() Returns a list the same length as .x.
map_lgl() returns a logical vector, map_int() an integer vector, map_dbl() a double vector, and map_chr() a character vector.
map_df(), map_dfc(), map_dfr() all return a data frame.
If .x has names(), the return value preserves those names.
The output of .f will be automatically typed upwards, e.g. logical -> integer -> double -> character.

walk() returns the input .x (invisibly). This makes it easy to use in pipe.

Examples

# Compute normal distributions from an atomic vector
1:10 %>%
  map(rnorm, n = 10)

# You can also use an anonymous function
1:10 %>%
  map(function(x) rnorm(10, x))

# Or a formula
1:10 %>%
  map(~ rnorm(10, .x))

# Simplify output to a vector instead of a list by computing the mean of the distributions
1:10 %>%
  map(rnorm, n = 10) %>%  # output a list
  map_dbl(mean)           # output an atomic vector

# Using set_names() with character vectors is handy to keep track
# of the original inputs:
set_names(c("foo", "bar")) %>% map_chr(paste0, ":suffix")

# Working with lists
favorite_desserts <- list(Sophia = "banana bread", Eliott = "pancakes", Karina = "chocolate cake")
favorite_desserts %>% map_chr(~ paste(.x, "rocks!"))

# Extract by name or position
# .default specifies value for elements that are missing or NULL
l1 <- list(list(a = 1L), list(a = NULL, b = 2L), list(b = 3L))
l1 %>% map("a", .default = "???")
l1 %>% map_int("b", .default = NA)
l1 %>% map_int(2, .default = NA)

# Supply multiple values to index deeply into a list
l2 <- list(
  list(num = 1:3,     letters[1:3]),
  list(num = 101:103, letters[4:6]),
  list()
)
l2 %>% map(c(2, 2))

# Use a list to build an extractor that mixes numeric indices and names,
# and .default to provide a default value if the element does not exist
l2 %>% map(list("num", 3))
l2 %>% map_int(list("num", 3), .default = NA)

# Working with data frames
# Use map_lgl(), map_dbl(), etc to return a vector instead of a list:
mtcars %>% map_dbl(sum)

# A more realistic example: split a data frame into pieces, fit a
# model to each piece, summarise and extract R^2
mtcars %>%
  split(.$cyl) %>%
  map(~ lm(mpg ~ wt, data = .x)) %>%
  map(summary) %>%
  map_dbl("r.squared")

# If each element of the output is a data frame, use
# map_dfr to row-bind them together:
mtcars %>%
  split(.$cyl) %>%
  map(~ lm(mpg ~ wt, data = .x)) %>%
  map_dfr(~ as.data.frame(t(as.matrix(coef(.)))))
# (if you also want to preserve the variable names see
# the broom package)

purrr

Functional Programming Tools

v0.3.4

GPL-3 | file LICENSE

Authors

Lionel Henry [aut, cre], Hadley Wickham [aut], RStudio [cph, fnd]

Initial release

map