Euclidean or Great Circle distance between points
The function returns a vector of distances between a matrix of 2D points, first column longitude, second column latitude, and a single 2D point, using Euclidean or Great Circle distance (WGS84 ellipsoid) methods.
spDistsN1(pts, pt, longlat = FALSE) spDists(x, y = x, longlat = FALSE, segments = FALSE, diagonal = FALSE)
pts |
A matrix of 2D points, first column x/longitude, second column y/latitude, or a SpatialPoints or SpatialPointsDataFrame object |
pt |
A single 2D point, first value x/longitude, second value y/latitude, or a SpatialPoints or SpatialPointsDataFrame object with one point only |
x |
A matrix of n-D points with row denoting points, first column x/longitude, second column y/latitude, or a Spatial object that has a coordinates method |
y |
A matrix of n-D points with row denoting points, first column x/longitude, second column y/latitude, or a Spatial object that has a coordinates method |
longlat |
logical;
if FALSE, Euclidean distance,
if TRUE Great Circle (WGS84 ellipsoid) distance;
if |
segments |
logical; if |
diagonal |
logical; if |
spDistsN1
returns a numeric vector of distances in the metric of the points if longlat=FALSE, or in kilometers if longlat=TRUE.
spDists
returns a full matrix of distances in the metric of the points if longlat=FALSE, or in kilometers if longlat=TRUE; it uses spDistsN1
in case points are two-dimensional. In case of spDists(x,x)
, it will compute
all n x n distances, not the sufficient n x (n-1).
The function can also be used to find a local kilometer equivalent to a plot scaled in decimal degrees in order to draw a scale bar.
Roger Bivand, Edzer Pebesma
http://www.abecedarical.com/javascript/script_greatcircle.html
ll <- matrix(c(5, 6, 60, 60), ncol=2) km <- spDistsN1(ll, ll[1,], longlat=TRUE) zapsmall(km) utm32 <- matrix(c(276.9799, 332.7052, 6658.1572, 6655.2055), ncol=2) spDistsN1(utm32, utm32[1,]) dg <- spDistsN1(ll, ll[1,]) dg dg[2]/km[2] data(meuse) coordinates(meuse) <- c("x", "y") res <- spDistsN1(meuse, meuse[1,]) summary(res) p1 = SpatialPoints(cbind(1:3, 1:3)) spDists(p1) spDists(p1, p1) spDists(p1, p1, diagonal = TRUE) try(spDists(p1, p1, segments = TRUE)) spDists(p1, segments = TRUE) p2 = SpatialPoints(cbind(5:2, 2:5)) spDists(p1, p2) try(spDists(p1, p2, diagonal = TRUE)) # fails try(spDists(p1, p2, segments = TRUE)) # fails # longlat points: proj4string(p1) = "+proj=longlat +ellps=WGS84" proj4string(p2) = "+proj=longlat +ellps=WGS84" is.projected(p1) is.projected(p2) spDists(p1) spDists(p1, p1) spDists(p1, p1, diagonal = TRUE) spDists(p1, p2) try(spDists(p1, p2, diagonal = TRUE)) # fails spDists(p1, p2[1:length(p1),], diagonal = TRUE) spDists(p1, segments = TRUE) spDists(p1[0],p2[0],diagonal=TRUE) spDists(p1[0]) p1 = SpatialPoints(cbind(1:3, 1:3, 1:3)) spDists(p1) spDists(p1, p1) try(spDists(p1, p1, diagonal = TRUE)) try(spDists(p1, p1, segments = TRUE)) try(spDists(p1, segments = TRUE)) p2 = SpatialPoints(cbind(5:2, 2:5, 3:6)) spDists(p1, p2) try(spDists(p1, p2, diagonal = TRUE)) # fails try(spDists(p1, p2, segments = TRUE)) # fails
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