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betacells

Beta Ganglion Cells in Cat Retina


Description

Point pattern of cells in the retina, each cell classified as ‘on’ or ‘off’ and labelled with the cell profile area.

Usage

data(betacells)

Format

betacells is an object of class "ppp" representing the point pattern of cell locations. Entries include

x Cartesian x-coordinate of cell
y Cartesian y-coordinate of cell
marks data frame of marks

Cartesian coordinates are given in microns.

The data frame of marks has two columns:

type factor with levels off and on
indicating ``off'' and ``on'' cells
area numeric vector giving the
areas of cell profiles (in square microns)

See ppp.object for details of the format.

Notes

This is a new, corrected version of the old dataset ganglia. See below.

These data represent a pattern of beta-type ganglion cells in the retina of a cat recorded by W\"assle et al. (1981). Beta cells are associated with the resolution of fine detail in the cat's visual system. They can be classified anatomically as “on” or “off”.

Statistical independence of the arrangement of the “on”- and “off”-components would strengthen the evidence for Hering's (1878) ‘opponent theory’ that there are two separate channels for sensing “brightness” and “darkness”. See W\"assle et al (1981). There is considerable current interest in the arrangement of cell mosaics in the retina, see Rockhill et al (2000).

The dataset is a marked point pattern giving the locations, types (“on” or “off”), and profile areas of beta cells observed in a rectangle of dimensions 750 x 990 microns. Coordinates are given in microns (thousandths of a millimetre) and areas are given in square microns.

The original source is Figure 6 of W\"assle et al (1981), which is a manual drawing of the beta mosaic observed in a microscope field-of-view of a whole mount of the retina. Thus, all beta cells in the retina were effectively projected onto the same two-dimensional plane.

The data were scanned in 2004 by Stephen Eglen from Figure 6(a) of W\"assle et al (1981). Image analysis software was used to identify the soma (cell body). The x,y location of each cell was taken to be the centroid of the soma. The type of each cell (“on” or 'off”) was identified by referring to Figures 6(b) and 6(d). The area of each soma (in square microns) was also computed.

Note that this is a corrected version of the ganglia dataset provided in earlier versions of spatstat. The earlier data ganglia were not faithful to the scale in the original paper and contain some scanning errors.

Source

W\"assle et al (1981), Figure 6(a), scanned and processed by Stephen Eglen S.J.Eglen@damtp.cam.ac.uk

References

Hering, E. (1878) Zur Lehre von Lichtsinn. Vienna.

Van Lieshout, M.N.M. and Baddeley, A.J. (1999) Indices of dependence between types in multivariate point patterns. Scandinavian Journal of Statistics 26, 511–532.

Rockhill, R.L., Euler, T. and Masland, R.H. (2000) Spatial order within but not between types of retinal neurons. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 97(5), 2303–2307.

W\"assle, H., Boycott, B. B. & Illing, R.-B. (1981). Morphology and mosaic of on- and off-beta cells in the cat retina and some functional considerations. Proc. Roy. Soc. London Ser. B 212, 177–195.

Examples

plot(betacells)
  if(require(spatstat.geom)) {
   area <- marks(betacells)$area
   plot(betacells %mark% sqrt(area/pi), markscale=1)
   }

spatstat.data

Datasets for 'spatstat' Family

v2.1-0
GPL (>= 2)
Authors
Adrian Baddeley [aut, cre] (<https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9499-8382>), Rolf Turner [aut] (<https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5521-5218>), Ege Rubak [aut] (<https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6675-533X>), W Aherne [ctb], Freda Alexander [ctb], Qi Wei Ang [ctb], Sourav Banerjee [ctb], Mark Berman [ctb], R Bernhardt [ctb], Thomas Berndtsen [ctb], Andrew Bevan [ctb], Jeffrey Betts [ctb], Ray Cartwright [ctb], Richard Condit [ctb], Francis Crick [ctb], Marcelino de la Cruz Rot [ctb], Jack Cuzick [ctb], Tilman Davies [ctb], Peter Diggle [ctb], Michael Drinkwater [ctb], Stephen Eglen [ctb], Robert Edwards [ctb], AE Esler [ctb], Gregory Evans [ctb], Bernard Fingleton [ctb], Olivier Flores [ctb], David Ford [ctb], Robin Foster [ctb], Janet Franklin [ctb], Neba Funwi-Gabga [ctb], DJ Gerrard [ctb], Andy Green [ctb], Tim Griffin [ctb], Ute Hahn [ctb], RD Harkness [ctb], Arthur Hickman [ctb], Stephen Hubbell [ctb], Austin Hughes [ctb], Jonathan Huntington [ctb], MJ Hutchings [ctb], Jackie Inwald [ctb], Valerie Isham [ctb], Aruna Jammalamadaka [ctb], Carl Knox-Robinson [ctb], Mahdieh Khanmohammadi [ctb], Tero Kokkila [ctb], Bas Kooijman [ctb], Kenneth Kosik [ctb], Peter Kovesi [ctb], Lily Kozmian-Ledward [ctb], Robert Lamb [ctb], NA Laskurain [ctb], George Leser [ctb], Marie-Colette van Lieshout [ctb], AF Mark [ctb], Jorge Mateu [ctb], Annikki Makela [ctb], Enrique Miranda [ctb], Nicoletta Nava [ctb], M Numata [ctb], Matti Nummelin [ctb], Jens Randel Nyengaard [ctb], Yosihiko Ogata [ctb], Si Palmer [ctb], Antti Penttinen [ctb], Sandra Pereira [ctb], Nicolas Picard [ctb], William Platt [ctb], Stephen Rathbun [ctb], Brian Ripley [ctb], Roger Sainsbury [ctb], Dietrich Stoyan [ctb], David Strauss [ctb], L Strand [ctb], Masaharu Tanemura [ctb], Graham Upton [ctb], Bill Venables [ctb], Sasha Voss [ctb], Rasmus Waagepetersen [ctb], Keith Watkins [ctb], H Wendrock [ctb]
Initial release
2021-03-16

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