Mantel-Hubert spatial general cross product statistic
A permutation test for the spatial general cross product statistic with
Moran (C(i,j) = z(i)*z(j)), Geary
(C(i,j) = (z(i) - z(j))^2), and Sokal
(C(i,j) = |z(i) - z(j)|) criteria, for
z(i) = (x(i) - mean(x))/sd(x).
plot.mc.sim
is a helper function to plot the outcomes of the
permutation test.
sp.mantel.mc(var, listw, nsim, type = "moran", zero.policy = NULL, alternative = "greater", spChk=NULL, return_boot=FALSE) ## S3 method for class 'mc.sim' plot(x, xlim, xlab, main, sub, ..., ptype="density")
var |
a numeric vector the same length as the neighbours list in listw |
listw |
a |
nsim |
number of permutations |
type |
"moran", "geary" or "sokal" criteria for similarity |
zero.policy |
default NULL, use global option value; if TRUE assign zero to the lagged value of zones without neighbours, if FALSE assign NA |
alternative |
a character string specifying the alternative hypothesis, must be one of "greater" (default), or "less". |
spChk |
should the data vector names be checked against the spatial objects for identity integrity, TRUE, or FALSE, default NULL to use |
return_boot |
return an object of class |
x |
the object to be plotted |
xlim |
the range of the x axis |
xlab |
a title for the x axis |
main |
an overall title for the plot |
sub |
a sub title for the plot |
ptype |
either "density" or "hist" |
... |
further arguments passed through |
A list with class htest
and mc.sim
containing the following components:
statistic |
the value of the observed Geary's C. |
parameter |
the rank of the observed Geary's C. |
alternative |
a character string describing the alternative hypothesis. |
method |
a character string giving the method used. |
data.name |
a character string giving the name(s) of the data, and the number of simulations. |
p.value |
the pseudo p-value of the test. |
res |
nsim simulated values of statistic, final value is observed statistic |
estimate |
the mean and variance of the simulated distribution. |
Roger Bivand Roger.Bivand@nhh.no
Cliff, A. D., Ord, J. K. 1981 Spatial processes, Pion, p. 22-24,
Haining, R. 1990 Spatial data analysis in the social
and environmental sciences, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p. 230–1.
The function has been checked against general matrix code posted to the
r-help list by Ben Bolker on 1 May 2001; another mantel()
function
is in the vegan package.
data(oldcol) sim1 <- sp.mantel.mc(COL.OLD$CRIME, nb2listw(COL.nb), nsim=99, type="geary", alternative="less") sim1 plot(sim1) sp.mantel.mc(COL.OLD$CRIME, nb2listw(COL.nb), nsim=99, type="sokal", alternative="less") sp.mantel.mc(COL.OLD$CRIME, nb2listw(COL.nb), nsim=99, type="moran")
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