Assay of serum free light chain for 7874 subjects.
This is a stratified random sample containing 1/2 of the subjects from a study of the relationship between serum free light chain (FLC) and mortality. The original sample contains samples on approximately 2/3 of the residents of Olmsted County aged 50 or greater.
flchain data(flchain, package="survival")
A data frame with 7874 persons containing the following variables.
age age in years
sexF=female, M=male
sample.yrthe calendar year in which a blood sample was obtained
kappaserum free light chain, kappa portion
lambdaserum free light chain, lambda portion
flc.grpthe FLC group for the subject, as used in the original analysis
creatinineserum creatinine
mgus1 if the subject had been diagnosed with monoclonal gammapothy (MGUS)
futimedays from enrollment until death. Note that there are 3 subjects whose sample was obtained on their death date.
death0=alive at last contact date, 1=dead
chapterfor those who died, a grouping of their primary cause of death by chapter headings of the International Code of Diseases ICD-9
In 1995 Dr. Robert Kyle embarked on a study to determine the prevalence of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) in Olmsted County, Minnesota, a condition which is normally only found by chance from a test (serum electrophoresis) which is ordered for other causes. Later work suggested that one component of immunoglobulin production, the serum free light chain, might be a possible marker for immune disregulation. In 2010 Dr. Angela Dispenzieri and colleagues assayed FLC levels on those samples from the original study for which they had patient permission and from which sufficient material remained for further testing. They found that elevated FLC levels were indeed associated with higher death rates.
Patients were recruited when they came to the clinic for other appointments, with a final random sample of those who had not yet had a visit since the study began. An interesting side question is whether there are differences between early, mid, and late recruits.
This data set contains an age and sex stratified random sample that includes 7874 of the original 15759 subjects. The original subject identifiers and dates have been removed to protect patient identity. Subsampling was done to further protect this information.
The primary investigator (A Dispenzieri) and statistician (T Therneau) for the study.
A Dispenzieri, J Katzmann, R Kyle, D Larson, T Therneau, C Colby, R Clark, G Mead, S Kumar, LJ Melton III and SV Rajkumar (2012). Use of monclonal serum immunoglobulin free light chains to predict overall survival in the general population, Mayo Clinic Proceedings 87:512-523.
R Kyle, T Therneau, SV Rajkumar, D Larson, M Plevak, J Offord, A Dispenzieri, J Katzmann, and LJ Melton, III, 2006, Prevalence of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, New England J Medicine 354:1362-1369.
data(flchain)
age.grp <- cut(flchain$age, c(49,54, 59,64, 69,74,79, 89, 110),
labels= paste(c(50,55,60,65,70,75,80,90),
c(54,59,64,69,74,79,89,109), sep='-'))
table(flchain$sex, age.grp)Please choose more modern alternatives, such as Google Chrome or Mozilla Firefox.