Spencer's 21 point graduation rule.
Spencer's 21 point rule is a weighted moving average operation for a sequence of observations equally spaced in time. The average at time t depends on the observations at times t-11,...,t+11.
Except for boundary effects, the function will reproduce polynomials up to degree 3.
spence.21(y)
y |
Data vector of observations at equally spaced points. |
A vector with the same length as the input vector, representing the graduated (smoothed) values.
Spencer, J. (1904). On the graduation of rates of sickness and mortality. Journal of the Institute of Actuaries 38, 334-343.
data(spencer) yy <- spence.21(spencer$mortality) plot(spencer$age, spencer$mortality) lines(spencer$age, yy)
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